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番茄TY病毒来了,还会走吗?

介绍了番茄TY病毒病的发生特点,及海泽拉抗TY病毒番茄品种。

番茄黄化卷叶病毒病

    番茄黄化卷叶病毒,又称TY 或TYLCV 是英文全称 Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus 的缩写。TY病毒1940年最早出现在以色列,80年代扩展到欧洲,2000年以后在亚洲出现,2007年开始在中国南方许多地方出现,并逐渐向中国北方蔓延,2009年夏秋季节在山东省蔬菜主产区寿光大面积爆发,且来势凶猛,损失惨重。TY病毒一旦到来,就不会再走,所到之处给当地种植番茄的菜农造成巨大损失。

    TY病毒只能由烟粉虱传播。番茄植株或种苗感染上TY病毒7-21天后就会出现感病症状。主要表现为:植株停止生长,新叶变小、卷曲、畸形,以簇状形式聚集在植株的顶端。顶芽皱缩,叶片明显黄化呈现嵌纹症状,花器发育不良,果实变小、肉质明显变差,产生病变果或杂斑果。严重时,植株停止生长,绝产。TY病毒病无药可治。防止TY病毒病的途径有两种:一是防治烟粉虱。二是选择抗TY病毒的番茄品种。

种植高抗TY病毒品种应注意以下几个方面:

1.    温室保护:番茄必须种植在封闭的温室中,温室的所有通风口都要安装50目的防虫网,温室四周不能有开口,使用双层门。

2.    种苗:使用无烟粉虱危害的种苗,选择防护措施良好的苗场。

3.    温度调节:长时间高温会降低番茄的遗传抗性,在温室薄膜上涂白有利于降低温室内温度,使用30%遮光率的黑色遮阳网能够有效的降低温室内光照强度和温度。

4.    烟粉虱防治:定植前使用杀虫剂消毒温室,定植前1周还要再喷撒烟碱类药剂,温室要定期打药防虫,各种杀虫剂交替使用,粘胶黄板即可诱虫、防虫又可监测虫口密度。

5.    种植条件:不要在感染TY病毒的温室或温室附近种植或套种番茄,要及时清除温室四周的杂草,采收结束后应立即清除番茄秸秆。

6.    栽培技术: 合理科学的水肥管理,整枝打叉,病虫害防治,为番茄生长创造良好的环境条件。